1. 1111 1111

2. 00 0000

3. 0101 0001

4. 1100 0011

1. address bus

2. Dat bus

3. input-reader bus

4. control bus

1. firmware

2. malware

3. virus

4. lip-lop

1. AND

2. OR

3. XOR

4. NAND

1. MS DOS

2. Windows XP

3. Windows 8

4. Windows 7