1. did not take off

2. had not taken off

3. took off

4. had taken off

1. To jeer

2. Demolish

3. Deck

4. Dent

1. for a larger profit margin

2. in place of to earn more money

3. to gain more quantities of money

4. and instead earn a bigger amount of profit.

1. getting on

2. cutting on

3. retreating

4. capsizing

1. George Stigler

2. Salvatore

3. Leonhard Euler

4. Prof. J. L Hanson