Answer questions 1-5 based on the following passage: Decentralization is the latest cliche in most of the today's development literature and stems mainly from the recognition that centralized state agencies have been seen to be inefficient in providing social services. However, with the growing consensus that appropriate and sustainable social change will not be successful without the decentralization of the economy and policy, more governments of developing countries are adopting decentralization as a firm policy. However, there is a feeling among social workers that the full implication of decentralization has not been fully worked out, with the result that process is frequently defective. Even if it were possible to speed up the rate at which information to the center can be passed and processed at the same pace as to the decentralized systems, the fact remains that the quantum of information flowing to and from the center is massive and will therefore require more *ime, and definitely better management, than it would, if the administration was decentralized. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that decentralization will greatly benefit the people as the quality of information will be less distorted, for this invariably depends on the distance it has to travel It therefore stands to reason that the centralized systems are likely to receive poorer inflows of information, resulting in less efficiency that the decentralized, for the geographical, cultural and conceptual distance that separates program managers from the more vulnerable groups is less as this often is whiar creates the deficiencies in statistical flow in the feed-back and information base by the time lags in analysis and response. Centralized management of social services is always, therefore, likely to be less efficient and less responsive to the needs of the vulnerable, mainly because they lack flexibility. To this can be added the general lack of empathy felt for the disadvantaged which is always a danger in the larger system.

[ঢাবিঃ গ ইউনিট (ব্যবসায় শিক্ষা) ২০১১-২০১২(বাতিল কৃত) : 2012]