The debate over environment-development relationship is not new. However, for the last few decades, this relationship has become extremely crucial for reasons that we, each and every citizen of this globe, and particularly of Bangladesh, experience each day. The path of development engineering that developing countries after decolonization started with growth-based trickle down ideas. Then came “growth with equity,” followed by “basic needs approach” and “participatory development.” Subsequently sustainable development (SD) in the mid-1980s, which embodies all these previous strategies, with only one new element added, i.e. environmental sustainability. This developmental tool developed consensus based on three dimensions — economic, social and environmental. How has environmental sustainability affected globalization? Human - induced climate change is universally agreed to be the Red Light of global unsustainability. The glaring contradiction is that while the industrial countries press for adopting newer market mechanisms for emissions trading, they don’t commit to binding reductions. In 2012, global greenhouse gas emissions witnessed in a 40% rise of greenhouse gas emissions globally, instead of the set target of 5.2% average reduction in industrial countries under the Kyoto Protocol. On the other hand, On the other hand, the LDCs have been condemned to double exposure — to runaway globalisation and climate change, making them “double losers.” Just one example: Bangladeshi garment products end up paying4/5 times more tariff to enter the US market than other industrial countries! On top of this, the imposed burden of climate change is pulling us decades back. With a population half of the US, but 65 times smaller in territory, Bangladesh is actually regarded as a “development paradox,” with its average of 6% growth a year during the last two decades. Bangladesh is regarded as a test-case of sustainable development, given its socio-economic and physical- geographical parameters. The question is: How can countries like Bangladesh develop sustainably under this model of financial globalization? a. What would be an appropriate title for the above passage? b. What path has the developing economies traveled during their development process after decolonization? c. What makes sustainable development a unique developmental tool? d. What makes Bangladesh a 'double loser' according to this passage? e. Why is the example of Bangladesh termed as a 'development paradox'

Read the following passage and answer the questions bellow:

1. The debate over environment-development relationship is not new. However, for the last few decades, this relationship has become extremely crucial for reasons that we, each and every citizen of this globe, and particularly of Bangladesh, experience each day. The path of development engineering that developing countries after decolonization started with growth-based trickle down ideas. Then came “growth with equity,” followed by “basic needs approach” and “participatory development.” Subsequently sustainable development (SD) in the mid-1980s, which embodies all these previous strategies, with only one new element added, i.e. environmental sustainability. This developmental tool developed consensus based on three dimensions — economic, social and environmental.

How has environmental sustainability affected globalization? Human - induced climate change is universally agreed to be the Red Light of global unsustainability. The glaring contradiction is that while the industrial countries press for adopting newer market mechanisms for emissions trading, they don’t commit to binding reductions. In 2012, global greenhouse gas emissions witnessed in a 40% rise of greenhouse gas emissions globally, instead of the set target of 5.2% average reduction in industrial countries under the Kyoto Protocol. On the other hand, On the other hand, the LDCs have been condemned to double exposure — to runaway globalisation and climate change, making them “double losers.” Just one example: Bangladeshi garment products end up paying4/5 times more tariff to enter the US market than other industrial countries! On top of this, the imposed burden of climate change is pulling us decades back.

With a population half of the US, but 65 times smaller in territory, Bangladesh is actually regarded as a “development paradox,” with its average of 6% growth a year during the last two decades. Bangladesh is regarded as a test-case of sustainable development, given its socio-economic and physical- geographical parameters. The question is: How can countries like Bangladesh develop sustainably under this model of financial globalization?

a. What would be an appropriate title for the above passage?
b. What path has the developing economies traveled during their development process after decolonization?
c. What makes sustainable development a unique developmental tool?
d. What makes Bangladesh a 'double loser' according to this passage?
e. Why is the example of Bangladesh termed as a 'development paradox'

[BB Assistant Director-2013 : 2013]

Answer

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