BB Assistant Director-2014
Translation English to Bangla
9.
Transnational flows of goods and capital have driven globalization during recent years. These flows have been made possible by the gradual lowering of barriers to trade and investment across national borders, thus allowing for the expansion of the global economy. However, states have often firmly resisted applying similar deregulatory policies to the international movement of people.As noted by the World Bank in its report, “Globalization, Growth, and Poverty,” while countries have sought to promote integrated markets through liberalization of trade and investment, they have largely opposed liberalizing migration policies. Many countries maintain extensive legal barriers to prevent foreigners seeking work or residency from entering their national borders. Despite the reluctance of governments to liberalize immigration policy, however, the number of people living outside their countries of origin has risen from 120 million in 1990 to an estimated 215 million in 2012 (The World Bank, 2012), which is approximately 3.05 percent of the world population. A variety of reasons lie behind migration. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. Traditionally, the reasons encouraging an individual to migrate were categorized as "Push" or "Pull" factors. Globalization has introduced a third set of motivations called 'network' factors, which include free flow of information, improved global communication and faster and lower cost transportation While network factors are not a direct cause of migration, they do facilitate it.[BB Assistant Director-2014 : 2014]
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